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Birth control methods are categorized into hormonal methods, barrier methods, intrauterine devices (IUDs), permanent methods, and natural methods.
Here are some common options and their effects:
1. Hormonal Methods
Pills (Combined Oral Contraceptives): Contains estrogen and progestin. It prevents ovulation.
Effects of pills: Can regulate menstrual cycles, reduce menstrual cramps, and lower the risk of certain cancers. It may also cause nausea, weight gain, mood changes, and increased blood pressure.
Progestin-Only Pills: Contains only progestin.
Effects of progestin: Suitable for breastfeeding women. May cause irregular periods and spotting.
Patches: Worn on the skin and changed weekly so as to be effective.
Effects: Similar to combined pills. Can cause skin irritation.
Injections (e.g., Depo-Provera): Given every three months.
Effects: Can cause irregular periods, weight gain, and decreased bone density with long-term use, and also it is medically proven to cause secondary infertility, so it is not advised to use it a lot.
Implants (e.g., Nexplanon): Inserted under the skin and effective for up to 3 years.
Effects: Irregular bleeding, weight gain, and mood changes.
Vaginal Rings (e.g., NuvaRing): Worn inside the vagina for three weeks.
Effects: Similar to combined pills. Can cause vaginal irritation.
2. Barrier Methods
Condoms (Male and Female): Worn during intercourse to block sperm.
Effects: Protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). May cause allergies or irritation.
Diaphragms and Cervical Caps: Inserted into the vagina before intercourse.
Effects: Can be used with spermicide for better effectiveness. May cause urinary tract infections.
Spermicides: Chemicals that kill sperm, used with other barrier methods.
Effects: Can cause irritation or allergic reactions.
3. Intrauterine Devices (IUDs)
Copper IUDs (e.g., ParaGard): Non-hormonal and effective for up to 10 years.
Effects: Can cause heavier periods and cramps initially.
Hormonal IUDs (e.g., Mirena, Kyleena): Release progestin and effective for 3-6 years.
Effects: Can reduce menstrual bleeding and cramps. May cause irregular bleeding initially.
4. Permanent Methods
Tubal Ligation: A surgical procedure for women to block or cut the fallopian tubes.
Effects: Permanent and highly effective. Rare complications from surgery.
Vasectomy: A surgical procedure for men to cut the vas deferens.
Effects: Permanent and highly effective. Rare complications from surgery.
5. Natural Methods
Fertility Awareness: Tracking ovulation to avoid sex on fertile days.
Effects: Requires careful tracking and is less effective than other methods.
Withdrawal Method: Removing the penis before ejaculation.
Effects: Less effective due to pre-ejaculate fluid.
Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM):
Breastfeeding can delay ovulation.
Effects: Effective only for up to six months postpartum and if breastfeeding exclusively.
Each method has its pros and cons, and the choice depends on individual health, convenience, and lifestyle preferences. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the best option for you.
